This densification creates a slight surface corrugation of 0.2 Å on the surface, which is distinguishable by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging. S1) can be understood by a two-step process: (i) The top layer densifies into a so-called 22 × 3 stripe pattern by inserting an extra Au atom into an atomic chain every 22 lattice constants. The reconstruction from a pristine Au(111) surface to a herringbone pattern (fig. Although this tendency holds true for all metals, gold is the only one where the close-packed (111) surface reconstructs into a herringbone pattern under ambient conditions. The coordination number of atoms on a transition metal surface is lower than that in the bulk, which generally leads to tensile stresses in the pristine metal surface and a tendency for the surface to reconstruct and release tensile stresses ( 1).
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